Verify what the machine actually is
Record the year, make, model, serial/PIN and displayed hours. Compare those details with the seller's listing and any available records. For engine-related evaluation, record engine make, model and serial when accessible.
Check whether attachments, buckets, forks, couplers or other tools are included in the asking price.
Inspect wear and structural condition
Look for fluid leaks, damaged hoses, cracked welds, loose pins and bushings, bent components, missing guards and signs of repair. On tracked equipment, examine tracks, rollers, sprockets and idlers. On wheeled equipment, inspect tires and wheel-end condition.
Wear is expected on used equipment. The important question is whether the wear is consistent with the hours and price and whether upcoming repairs have been reflected in your budget.
Operate every major function
Start the machine cold when possible and observe starting behavior, smoke, warning lights and instrumentation. Bring systems to operating temperature and test travel, steering, braking, hydraulics, attachments, auxiliary circuits and other functions you expect to use.
Listen for abnormal noise and watch for leaks or temperature changes as the machine works.
Review service history and ownership context
Maintenance records can help explain how the machine was cared for and which major repairs have already been completed. If detailed records are unavailable, ask specific questions about recent service, recurring problems, component replacement and the type of work the machine performed.
Price the first year, not just the purchase
Add likely immediate maintenance, wear items, attachments, transport and compliance costs applicable to your operation. A lower purchase price can disappear quickly if the machine needs tracks, tires, hoses, fluids and overdue service as soon as it arrives.
